Systematic approaches to history, physical examination, imaging, and ancillary testing in functional and reconstructive urology and urogynecology. The evaluation framework here is deliberately structured for the specialist audience — emphasis is on validated phenotyping tools, the imaging modalities that change reconstructive decisions (RUG, VCUG, MAG3, dynamic pelvic-floor MRI, contrast-enhanced voiding ultrasound), and the ancillary tests that determine operative candidacy (urodynamics, cystoscopy, anorectal manometry).

For each clinical scenario, evaluation is the bridge between symptom and operative plan. Stricture length on RUG drives urethroplasty technique selection; renogram split function determines whether a kidney is reconstructive-worthy or destined for nephrectomy; pressure-flow study and Valsalva leak point pressure phenotype incontinence into the AUA-aligned operative ladder. The pages below collect the validated tools, normative thresholds, and modality-by-indication selection logic.

• History & PhysicalValidated assessment tools and questionnaires, male urogenital exam, and female pelvic examination with POP-Q
• Laboratory StudiesUrinalysis, urine culture, cytology, prostatitis localization, 24-hour urine, and emerging EQUC / next-generation sequencing — interpretation in diversions, augmented bladders, and CIC patients
• ImagingRUG & VCUG, MRI, ultrasound, MAG3 & nuclear, and CT urogram
• Ancillary TestingUrodynamics, cystoscopy, and anorectal function testing