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Urinary Tract

The urinary tract runs from the kidneys through the ureters and bladder to the urethra. The pages below cover the anatomy and physiology of each organ, with the embryology behind congenital and transitional-care anatomy.

  • The KidneysRenal position, vascular and collecting-system anatomy, and the physiology relevant to obstruction and diversion.
  • The UretersCourse, segmental blood supply and peristalsis, with the landmarks used in ureteral repair.
  • The BladderDetrusor, trigone and bladder neck; low-pressure storage and coordinated emptying.
  • Male UrethraSegments, spongiosum and sphincters, from the bladder neck to the meatus.
  • Female UrethraSphincter, supports and periurethral glands within the anterior vaginal wall.
  • GU EmbryologyDevelopment of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra and genitalia.