Technology

The hardware and energy platforms of contemporary functional and reconstructive urology — robotics platforms (da Vinci, Hugo, Versius, Senhance, Avatera, Hinotori, REVO-I, KangDuo, MicroHand S, Toumai, Dexter) and their reconstructive applications, single-port anatomy, and the energy modalities (electrosurgery, lasers, ultrasonic, vessel sealing, aquablation, morcellation) that drive modern operative technique.

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• RoboticsPlatform profiles and feature comparisons across da Vinci (Si/Xi/X/SP/5), Hugo RAS, Versius, Senhance, Avatera, Hinotori, REVO-I, KangDuo, MicroHand S, Toumai, Dexter. Reconstructive applications by anatomic region. Single-port (SP) incision atlas and approach comparisons.
• Energy DevicesElectrosurgery (monopolar / bipolar, waveforms, TUR physics), lasers (Ho:YAG, thulium fiber, GreenLight, ThuVAP, diode), ultrasonic (Harmonic), vessel sealing (LigaSure), aquablation (heat-free BPH), morcellation, and electrosurgical safety principles.

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See Also

• Instruments — physical handsets and trays
• Biomaterials — implanted devices
• Intraoperative Adjuncts — dyes, hemostatic agents, sealants
• Gear — surgeon's personal equipment