Technology

The hardware and energy platforms of contemporary functional and reconstructive urology: robotics platforms (da Vinci, Hugo, Versius, Senhance, Avatera, Hinotori, REVO-I, KangDuo, MicroHand S, Toumai, Dexter) and their reconstructive applications, single-port anatomy, and the energy modalities (electrosurgery, lasers, ultrasonic, vessel sealing, aquablation, morcellation) that drive modern operative technique.

---

• RoboticsRobotic surgical platforms compared, with reconstructive applications and single-port approaches.
• Energy DevicesElectrosurgery, lasers, ultrasonic and vessel-sealing devices, and how to use them safely.

---

See Also

• Instruments: physical handsets and trays
• Biomaterials: implanted devices
• Intraoperative Adjuncts: dyes, hemostatic agents, sealants
• Gear: surgeon's personal equipment